Grammar bank · Grammatika bazasi

116 grammar patterns for IELTS — meaning, where it attaches, examples and the near-synonyms you keep mixing up.

Qanday ishlatiladi: bitta grammatikani qidirsangiz — yuqoridagi qidiruvdan yozing. Bir-biriga o‘xshash grammatikalarni solishtirish uchun “Ma’nosi bo‘yicha” ko‘rinishiga o‘ting: bir xil ma’noli barcha shakllar (masalan, hamma sabab grammatikalari) yonma-yon turadi. Har qatordagi “Batafsil” ni bosing — namunalar, farqi va tez-tez qilinadigan xatolar ochiladi.

Ergash gaplar — Clauses

2 ta

Grammatika	Daraja	Ma’nosi	Qo‘shilishi	Namuna	O‘xshashlari
defining relative clause ★★★	3	aniqlovchi ergash gap — qaysi narsa haqida ketayotganini belgilaydi	noun + who/which/that + verb	Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster. Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil.	non-defining relative clause reduced relative clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi Odam → who (yoki that) · narsa → which yoki that · egalik → whose. Vergul qo‘yilmaydi. Agar who/which to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lsa, tushirib qoldirsa ham bo‘ladi: the skills (that) employers value. Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Ergash gapsiz ikkita qisqa gap bo‘lardi; u bilan bitta murakkab gap chiqadi — Grammatical Range aynan shuni izlaydi: Students who* take a gap year often return more motivated.* ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ Students who they take a gap year → ✅ Students who take… — who ning o‘zi ega, ikkinchi olmosh keraksiz. ❌ People which live in cities → ✅ People who live in cities. Namunalar Countries which invest in education tend to grow faster. Ta’limga sarmoya kiritadigan davlatlar tezroq rivojlanishga moyil. The graph shows the number of people who used public transport. Grafik jamoat transportidan foydalangan odamlar sonini ko‘rsatadi. O‘xshashlaridan farqi non-defining relative clause — defining = vergulsiz, MAJBURIY ma’lumot; non-defining = vergul bilan, qo‘shimcha ma’lumot reduced relative clause — reduced = who/which tushib, -ing yoki V3 qoladi To‘liq sahifasi
that-clause ★★★	3	to‘ldiruvchi ergash gap — «... ligini/ekanligini»	verb/adjective + that + clause	Research suggests that early intervention produces the best results. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta aralashuv eng yaxshi natija beradi.	the fact that wh-clause
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi that + to‘liq gap. Ba’zi fe’llardan keyin tushib qolishi mumkin (I think (that) …), lekin akademik yozuvda saqlang. Sifatlardan keyin ham keladi: it is clear that… Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Fikr bildirishning asosiy quroli. Xilma-xillik uchun boshqa fe’llarga o‘ting: argue / maintain / suggest / demonstrate / indicate that. I think that ni butun insho bo‘yi takrorlamang. ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ I agree with that education is important. → ✅ I agree that* education is important.* — agree that, agree with + ot. Namunalar Research suggests that early intervention produces the best results. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, erta aralashuv eng yaxshi natija beradi. O‘xshashlaridan farqi the fact that — the fact that = shu gapni OT sifatida ishlatadi (ega bo‘la oladi) wh-clause — wh-clause = qanday/nima/nega degan savolni ichiga oladi To‘liq sahifasi

Majhul nisbat va nominalizatsiya — Passive

1 ta

Grammatika	Daraja	Ma’nosi	Qo‘shilishi	Namuna	O‘xshashlari
the passive ★★★	3	majhul nisbat — «... qilinadi, qilindi» (bajaruvchi aytilmaydi)	S + be + V3 (+ by …)	Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi.	the process passive (Task 1) modal + passive nominalisation
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi be ning kerakli zamondagi shakli + 3-shakl: is built · was built · has been built · is being built · will be built. Bajaruvchi muhim bo‘lsagina by qo‘shiladi. Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Nima uchun IELTS uni yaxshi ko‘radi: akademik yozuvda ish muhim, kim qilgani emas. People built the bridge in 1990 → The bridge was built* in 1990.* ⚠️ Butun inshoni passive’da yozmang — matn og‘ir va noaniq bo‘ladi. Har xatboshida 1-2 ta yetadi. ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ The problem is discuss in this essay → ✅ is discussed. ❌ be ni tushirib qoldirish: The report published last year («hisobot nashr qildi») → ✅ The report was published last year. Namunalar Stricter regulations were introduced after the accident. Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin qattiqroq qoidalar joriy etildi. The beans are harvested, dried and then transported to the factory. Doni yig‘iladi, quritiladi va so‘ng zavodga tashiladi. O‘xshashlaridan farqi the process passive (Task 1) — process passive = jarayon diagrammasidagi present simple passive qolipi modal + passive — modal + be + V3 = tavsiyani shaxssiz aytadi nominalisation — ikkalasi ham shaxsni yashiradi; nominalisation buni OT orqali qiladi To‘liq sahifasi

Artikl va aniqlovchilar — Articles & determiners

2 ta

Grammatika	Daraja	Ma’nosi	Qo‘shilishi	Namuna	O‘xshashlari
zero article ★★★	3	artiklsiz shakl — umumiy, turdosh ma’no	∅ + ko‘plik ot / sanalmaydigan ot	Governments should invest more in renewable energy. Hukumatlar qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga ko‘proq sarmoya kiritishi kerak.	the uncountable nouns
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi Artikl qo‘yilmaydi: umumiy ma’nodagi ko‘plik (Cars pollute…), sanalmaydigan otlar (water, information, advice, research), mavhum tushunchalar (education, technology, poverty), ko‘pchilik mamlakat nomlari (Uzbekistan, lekin the USA, the UK, the Netherlands). Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Task 2 da umumlashtirishning to‘g‘ri yo‘li shu. Uch xil umumlashtirish bor, lekin eng xavfsizi — artiklsiz ko‘plik: ✅ Cars are a major source of pollution. (eng tabiiy) ✅ The car is a major source of pollution. (rasmiy, ilmiy) ⚠️ A car is a major source of pollution. (kamdan-kam) ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ The technology has changed the society → ✅ Technology has changed society. ❌ I have many informations → ✅ much information. Namunalar Governments should invest more in renewable energy. Hukumatlar qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga ko‘proq sarmoya kiritishi kerak. O‘xshashlaridan farqi the — artiklsiz = umumiy tur; the = aniq, ma’lum narsa uncountable nouns — sanalmaydigan otlar deyarli doim artiklsiz keladi To‘liq sahifasi
subject-verb agreement ★★★	3	ega bilan kesimning moslashuvi — birlikmi yoki ko‘plikmi	S(singular) + V(s) · S(plural) + V	The percentage of adults working from home has tripled since 2019. Uydan ishlaydigan kattalar ulushi 2019-yildan beri uch baravar oshdi.	uncountable nouns all / every / each
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi Fe’l bosh otga moslashadi, oradagi so‘zlarga emas: The number of students is rising (number = birlik) vs A number of students are waiting (= «bir necha»). Each, every, everyone, neither → birlik. Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Uzun ega bilan yozganda eng ko‘p sodir bo‘ladigan xato. Yozgandan keyin tekshiring: egadan predlogli qismni o‘chirib o‘qing — The impact* (of rising temperatures on coastal cities) is…* ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ The number of cars have increased → ✅ The number of cars has* increased. ❌ Everyone know that…* → ✅ Everyone knows* that…* Namunalar The percentage of adults working from home has tripled since 2019. Uydan ishlaydigan kattalar ulushi 2019-yildan beri uch baravar oshdi. O‘xshashlaridan farqi uncountable nouns — sanalmaydigan ot doim birlik fe’l oladi all / every / each — every/each doim birlik fe’l bilan To‘liq sahifasi

Predloglar — Prepositions

1 ta

Grammatika	Daraja	Ma’nosi	Qo‘shilishi	Namuna	O‘xshashlari
preposition + -ing ★★★	3	predlogdan keyingi fe’l — doim -ing shaklida	preposition + V-ing	By raising fuel taxes, the government hopes to discourage unnecessary journeys. Yoqilg‘i solig‘ini oshirish orqali hukumat keraksiz safarlarni kamaytirmoqchi.	verb + -ing (gerund) verb + preposition
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi Har qanday predlogdan keyin fe’l -ing bo‘ladi: instead of building · by investing · after graduating · without considering · capable of solving. ⚠️ to ba’zan predlog: look forward to seeing, be used to living. Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi by + -ing — Task 2 yechim qismining eng ixcham qolipi: By investing in public transport, cities can cut emissions considerably. ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ instead of to build new roads → ✅ instead of building* new roads. Namunalar By raising fuel taxes, the government hopes to discourage unnecessary journeys. Yoqilg‘i solig‘ini oshirish orqali hukumat keraksiz safarlarni kamaytirmoqchi. O‘xshashlaridan farqi verb + -ing (gerund)* — bir qoidaning ikki tomoni: fe’ldan keyin ham, predlogdan keyin ham -ing verb + preposition — predlogli fe’ldan keyin ham -ing keladi To‘liq sahifasi

Fe’l qoliplari — Gerunds & infinitives

2 ta

Grammatika	Daraja	Ma’nosi	Qo‘shilishi	Namuna	O‘xshashlari
verb + -ing (gerund) ★★★	3	-ing oladigan fe’llar — «... ishni qilishni»	verb + V-ing	Governments should avoid relying on a single source of energy. Hukumatlar bitta energiya manbaiga tayanishdan qochishi kerak.	verb + to-infinitive preposition + -ing
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi Shu fe’llardan keyin doim -ing: avoid, suggest, involve, consider, risk, deny, admit, recommend, practise, mind, enjoy, keep, finish, delay. Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Task 2 uchun eng kerakli uchtasi: involve (The solution involves reducing* subsidies), suggest* (Research suggests investing* earlier), avoid* (to avoid causing* further damage). ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ I suggest to build more schools* → ✅ I suggest building* more schools* yoki ✅ I suggest that* the government build more schools. Namunalar Governments should avoid relying on a single source of energy. Hukumatlar bitta energiya manbaiga tayanishdan qochishi kerak. O‘xshashlaridan farqi verb + to-infinitive* — ikki ro‘yxat — qaysi fe’l qaysi shaklni olishini yodlang preposition + -ing — predlogdan keyin ham doim -ing To‘liq sahifasi
verb + to-infinitive ★★★	3	to + fe’l oladigan fe’llar — «... qilishga»	verb + to + V	Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets. Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi.	verb + -ing (gerund) verb + object + to-infinitive
Batafsil — namunalar, farqi, xatolar Shakl qoidasi Shu fe’llardan keyin doim to + fe’l: aim, tend, fail, manage, decide, hope, expect, refuse, agree, offer, seem, appear, afford, learn. Izoh — qachon ishlatiladi Akademik yozuvda eng foydalilari: tend to (hedging), fail to (Policies that fail to* address the root cause…), aim to* (This essay aims to* examine…). ⚠️ Tez-tez qilinadigan xato ❌ They decided building a new line* → ✅ decided to build · ❌ manage doing → ✅ manage to do. Namunalar Many countries have failed to meet their emissions targets. Ko‘p mamlakatlar chiqindilar bo‘yicha maqsadlarini bajara olmadi. O‘xshashlaridan farqi verb + -ing (gerund) — boshqa ro‘yxat — bir xil ma’noda ikkalasini ishlatib bo‘lmaydi verb + object + to-infinitive — oradagi to‘ldiruvchi bilan qolip o‘zgaradi To‘liq sahifasi